Henri Bergson, a French philosopher and Nobel Prize–winning thinker, revolutionized modern philosophy by arguing that the intellect cannot grasp life in its creative becoming. Only intuition reveals reality as a dynamic, evolving process driven by the vital impulse he called élan vital.

Jean-Paul Sartre, the face of 20th-century existentialism, argued that we are "condemned to be free." This means we bear total responsibility for our choices in a universe without any predetermined meaning, forcing us to face the anxiety of creating ourselves with every decision we make.

Existentialism, a 20th-century movement, emphasizes the individual's freedom and responsibility in a universe that offers no inherent meaning, urging humans to confront their existential dilemmas through personal choice, authentic living, and the search for purpose amidst an often indifferent world.

French existentialist Albert Camus, known for exploring the absurd, argued that accepting the world’s lack of inherent meaning leads to personal freedom and a deeper sense of responsibility in how we choose to live.

Søren Kierkegaard urges us to embark on a lifelong journey of self-discovery, encouraging us to live authentically and passionately in the face of life's inherent absurdities and challenges.

Friedrich Nietzsche was one of the most significant philosophers of the 19th century. His works challenged the conventional notions of morality and beliefs of his time, urging a re-evaluation of commonly held values and embracing a more self-determined way of life.